Creencias en salud de las personas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 Hospital I Naylamp de Essalud Chiclayo 2018

Abstract

Objective: To identify the beliefs that constitute a barrier to metabolic control and the factors associated with the good control of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Method: A mixed study was carried out. The quantitative one is an observational, cross-sectional, and analytical design where 350 patients were surveyed on sociodemographic data, comorbidities, treatment, lifestyles, and clinical history. Body mass index and glycosylated hemoglobin were obtained. The qualitative part is an ethnographic design and a semi-structured open interview was conducted on 22 patients: a number chosen by saturation technique. Manual recording and transcription were performed. The information was worked on in a Microsoft Excel database and imported into the IBM SPSS Statics 20 statistical program for descriptive, bivariate and multivariate analysis. Chi square was used as hypothesis test and for the interpretation of results the value of p <0.005 was considered as statistically significant. Results: 52% had good metabolic control. The frequency of overweight, obesity and hypertension were 57%, 19% and 48% respectively. 48% reported consuming a diet low in carbohydrates, 36% doing physical activity and 62% using complementary therapy; being yacon, moringa, alpiste and cinnamon, the four most used plants. The variables associated with good control of the disease were: the age group (p = 0.002), the degree of instruction (p = 0.002), the body mass index (p = 0.000) and the low carbohydrate diet (p = 0.000). Stressful life events and unhealthy lifestyles are the two main beliefs regarding the origin of the disease. It is believed that the only complications are microvascular; that the absence of symptoms, adverse effects and faith of healing through the power of God justify the suspension of treatment; that insulin is an extreme and unnecessary measure and that daily activity is the equivalent of aerobic physical activity. Conclusions: Different beliefs were identified that represent a barrier to therapeutic adherence. The factors associated with good control were age group, degree of instruction, body mass index and low carb diet.